The current 20-point peace framework for Ukraine proposes a maximum military personnel cap of 800,000, which represents a 20% reduction from the approximately one million soldiers currently in service. This figure is an increase from the initially suggested 600,000, a concession made by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy after extensive negotiations. However, this cap is seen as a limitation on a military force that has been built up over nearly four years of conflict, supported by Western weapons, training, and intelligence.

In contrast, Russia does not face any similar restrictions on its military size. Since the onset of the conflict, Ukraine has suffered significant casualties, with estimates of over 45,000 soldiers killed and 390,000 wounded. The proposed framework has been met with skepticism from Ukrainian officials, who view it as inadequate in addressing the ongoing threat from Russia, which continues to launch attacks, including recent drone strikes on Kyiv.

The framework includes a proposal for a demilitarized zone along a line that Russia has not captured, alongside security guarantees that have been difficult for U.S. officials to clarify. Critics, including retired Lt. Gen. Ben Hodges, argue that the framework disproportionately benefits Russia and lacks the necessary enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance.

The Ukrainian military, now one of the most experienced forces globally, has adapted to modern warfare tactics and technologies. However, the proposed personnel cap is viewed as an operational constraint that could hinder Ukraine's ability to respond effectively to ongoing threats. The limitations on troop numbers could impact training, rotation cycles, and overall military readiness, especially as Russia continues to bolster its own military capabilities.

The economic disparity between Ukraine and Russia further complicates the situation, with Russia's defense budget significantly outpacing Ukraine's military spending. This imbalance raises questions about Ukraine's long-term sustainability in the conflict and the need for continued support from Western allies.

As negotiations progress, the lack of a credible enforcement mechanism for the proposed peace plan raises concerns about its effectiveness in preventing further hostilities. The current framework appears to place an undue burden on Ukraine and its allies, potentially leading to a prolonged conflict without a clear resolution.